Ethiopia is the oldest Christian state in the world and the country was said to be converted during the . Poverty, drought, political repression, and forced government resettlement have driven Ethiopias internal and external migration since the 1960s. The majority of the remaining 11% come from the next ten countries: Italy, 2.2 million. ), total: 212,000 (2020 est. According to the most recent 2007 CSA governmental data, Muslims are 33.9% of the population,[3] up from 32.8% in 1994 (according to the census data of that year). Ethiopia aims to reach lower-middle-income status by 2025. Orthodox Christianity has a long history in Ethiopia dating back to the 1st century, and is dominant in northern and central Ethiopia. (Oromo) (Amharic)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. 40% of young women are married before their 18th birthday and Ethiopia is home to 15 million child brides, of whom 6 million are below the age of 15. The faith arrived in Tigray, north of Ethiopia, . [21] A year later, in November 1934, the first Bah Local Spiritual Assembly in the country was formed in Addis Ababa. [ONLINE] Available at: Hassan, Gamal (2008). )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. 1,822 Views 1 CrossRef citations to date 0. . Addis Ababa, Ethiopia's capital city, is home to about 443,821 Muslims or 16.2%. Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.). It is estimated that 62.8 percent of Ethiopians withdraw from meat products on an average of about 250 days of the year due to this religious belief. )30.1% of GDP (2017 est. although it represents a unique and complex concept, referring figuratively to St. Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. Global data and statistics, research and publications, and topics in poverty and development . Cambodia has the highest percentage of Buddhists at 97.9%, followed by Thailand at 94.6% and Burma (Myanmar) with 87.9%. Before the publication of the 2007 census results, however, the U.S. State Department estimated that "approximately 45 percent of the population is Sunni Muslim. Ethiopia has a long historical and cultural connection to both Christianity and Islam. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Overview. [22] In 1962, Ethiopia Bahs elected a National Spiritual Assembly. Since the 18th century there has existed a relatively small (uniate) Ethiopian Catholic Church in full communion with Rome, with adherents making up less than 1% of the total population.[3]. )services: 43.6% (2017 est. Other minority religions in the country include Waaq and indigenous beliefs, which are followed by 2.6% of the Ethiopian population, Roman Catholicism (.7%), and Judaism and Baha'i (.7% combined). )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49, 401 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. The population of the regions and districts (woredas) of Ethiopia. ), widespread lack of access: due to conflict in Tigray Region, drought conditions in southeastern areas, high food prices - The difficult and worsening food security situation is the result of multiple shocks affecting food availability and access including: the conflict in northern Tigray Region and in adjacent areas of Amhara and Afar regions, which began in November 2020; in Tigray region alone, 5.3 million people are estimated to be severely food insecure; the failure of the MarchMay 2022 GuGenna rains in southern pastoral areas of southern Oromiya Region and southern Somali Region, exacerbated drought conditions prevailing since late 2020, causing severe crop and livestock losses; severe macroeconomic challenges including insufficient foreign currency reserves and the continuous depreciation of the national currency, as a result, inflation is at very high levels, with the yearonyear food inflation rate estimated at 35.5 percent in July, one the highest of the last decade; these difficulties are exacerbated by the ripple effects of the Ukraine war, which triggered hikes in international prices of wheat, fuel and fertilizers (2022), municipal solid waste generated annually: 6,532,787 tons (2015 est. 4 0 obj Between 1982 and 1991 there was a new wave of migration to the West for family reunification. ), total: 19.8 yearsmale: 19.6 yearsfemale: 20.1 years (2020 est. ), China 17%, United States 16%, United Arab Emirates 8%, Saudi Arabia 6%, South Korea 5%, Germany 5% (2019), coffee, sesame seeds, gold, cut flowers, zinc (2019), $20.859 billion (2021 est.) In the Pew study, 1% of Ethiopians identify as Catholic, 16% as . [8] The U.S. State Department estimates that just over 50% of the country is Christian (40 to 45% of the population belongs to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, about 10% are members of Christian evangelical and Pentecostal groups). In general, most of the Christians (largely members of the non-Chalcedonian Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church) live in the highlands, while Muslims and adherents of traditional African religions tend to inhabit more lowland regions in the east and south of the country. [26] As of 2016[update] the largest Bah community is in Addis Ababa. Addis Ababa. Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936 to 1941. [8] Now, as two parties signed the peace deal in Pretoria, the world has decided to move on from the Ethiopian conflict with the empty . Among these mainly Abrahamic religions, the most numerous is Christianity (Ethiopian Orthodoxy, P'ent'ay, Roman Catholic) totaling at 67.3%, followed by Islam at 31.3%. There is no state religion, and it is forbidden to form political parties based upon religion; all religious groups are required to register with the government, and renew their registration once every three years. )crude oil estimated reserves: 400,000 barrels (2021 est. )permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est. ), 3.69% (2021 est. ), fresh water lake(s): Lake Tana - 3,600 sq km; Abaya Hayk - 1,160 sq km; Ch'amo Hayk - 550 sq kmsalt water lake(s): Lake Turkana (shared with Kenya) - 6,400 sq km; Abhe Bid Hayk/Abhe Bad (shared with Djibouti) - 780 sq km;, Blue Nile river source (shared with Sudan [m]) - 1,600 kmnote [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth, Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km), Ogaden-Juba Basin, Sudd Basin (Umm Ruwaba Aquifer), highest density is found in the highlands of the north and middle areas of the country, particularly around the centrally located capital city of Addis Ababa; the far east and southeast are sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map, geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts, volcanism: volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (613 m), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, forcing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir, note 1: landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopianote 2: three major crops may have originated in Ethiopia: coffee (almost certainly), grain sorghum, and castor bean, Oromo 35.8%, Amhara 24.1%, Somali 7.2%, Tigray 5.7%, Sidama 4.1%, Guragie 2.6%, Welaita 2.3%, Afar 2.2%, Silte 1.3%, Kefficho 1.2%, other 13.5% (2022 est.). 2007 census, 2022 projection Ethiopia is one of the oldest Christian states in the world. )8.36% (2019 est. . In terms of total speaker numbers, Amharic is the most spoken language in Ethiopia. Moreover, the largest portion of non-Arab companions of Muhammad belonged to Ethiopian ethnic groups. )female: 1.3% (2020 est. Ethiopia Country Overview | World Health Organization. Box 1014, Addis Ababamailing address: 2030 Addis Ababa Place, Washington DC 20521-2030telephone: [251] 111-30-60-00FAX: [251] 111-24-24-01email address and website: AddisACS@state.govhttps://et.usembassy.gov/, three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red, with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; green represents hope and the fertility of the land, yellow symbolizes justice and harmony, while red stands for sacrifice and heroism in the defense of the land; the blue of the disk symbolizes peace and the pentagram represents the unity and equality of the nationalities and peoples of Ethiopianote: Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag (adopted ca. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 51.8%male: 57.2%female: 44.4% (2017), total: 9 yearsmale: 8 yearsfemale: 8 years (2012), total: 5.7%male: 4.4%female: 7.2% (2021 est. )34.927 (2020 est. ), 19.3 years (2019 est. 110 IGT-daughter (D), WW, 22 December 2014. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were . Goals include promoting rapid economic growth and improving service delivery. The world's most religious country is actually a 7 way tie between Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Malawi, Niger, Sri Lanka, and Yemen. Meanwhile Sunni Muslims, who represent ), total subscriptions: 44.5 million (2020 est. Meanwhile, there has been a sharp increase in the percentage of Americans with no religion, which was less than 5% from through the early 1970s, rose to 10% by 2002 and was 21% in 2021. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. endobj 108 IGT-F AW 27 February 2015. Ethiopia's Christian population, at 6 million in 1900, will grow to a projected 100 million in 2050. According to 2016 U.S. government estimates, 44 percent of the population adheres to the EOTC, 31 percent are Sunni Muslim, and 23 percent belong to evangelical Christian and Pentecostal groups, including the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church, and Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus. Abyssinia is also mentioned in the Qur'an and Hadith. While the UN's 2021 revision is also now . )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ; Ethiopia population is equivalent to 1.47% of the total world population. In 2020 the most popular religions are Islam Summi, Hindu and Christian Roman Catholics. )23.866 (2017 est. Both Orthodox and Protestant Christianity have large representations in southern and western Ethiopia. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. [3] Neither in the 2007 census, nor in the 1994 census, were responses reported in further detail: for example, those who identified themselves as Hindus, Jewish, Bah, agnostics or atheists were counted as "Other". ), deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; loss of biodiversity; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management; industrial pollution and pesticides contribute to air, water, and soil pollution, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, particulate matter emissions: 34.36 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. 109 MoE. The name "Ethiopia" (Hebrew Kush) is mentioned in the Bible numerous times (thirty-seven times in the King James version). total: 1,104,300 sq kmland: 1,096,570 sq kmwater: 7,730 sq kmnote: area numbers are approximate since a large portion of the Ethiopia-Somalia border is undefined, slightly less than twice the size of Texas, total: 5,925 kmborder countries (6): Djibouti 342 km; Eritrea 1,033 km; Kenya 867 km; Somalia 1,640 km; South Sudan 1,299 km; Sudan 744 km, tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation, high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley, highest point: Ras Dejen 4,550 mlowest point: Danakil Depression -125 mmean elevation: 1,330 m, small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower, agricultural land: 36.3% (2018 est. The church has long enjoyed a dominant role in the culture and politics of Ethiopia, having served as the official religion of the ruling elite until the demise of the monarchy in 1974. ), lowest 10%: 4.1%highest 10%: 25.6% (2005), revenues: $11.24 billion (2017 est. )2.33% (2019 est. 1580 The Trotize of Zera Jacob Most people interprot thing on. While many Ethiopians claim that the Bible references of Kush apply to their own ancient civilization, pointing out that the Gihon river, a name for the Nile, is said to flow through the land, some scholars believe that the use of the term referred to the Kingdom of Kush in particular, or Africa outside of Egypt in general. Education Statistics 2006. ), Derg Downfall Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991), history: several previous; latest drafted June 1994, adopted 8 December 1994, entered into force 21 August 1995amendments: proposals submitted for discussion require two-thirds majority approval in either house of Parliament or majority approval of one-third of the State Councils; passage of amendments other than constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms and the initiation and amendment of the constitution requires two-thirds majority vote in a joint session of Parliament and majority vote by two thirds of the State Councils; passage of amendments affecting rights and freedoms and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote in each house of Parliament and majority vote by all the State Councils, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Ethiopiadual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 4 years. [3] According to the government's most recent census from 2007, Christians constitute 62.8% of the total population, with the largest group being Ethiopian Orthodox Christians at 43.5%, followed by Protestants 18.6% and Catholics at 0.7%. Ethiopia Religion, Economy and Politics. ), municipal: 810 million cubic meters (2017 est. Addis Abeba Mastercard Foundation and Gebeya Inc. have announced Mesirat ("to work"), a five-year program that will equip 100 entrepreneurs in Ethiopia with their own multi-sided gig marketplaces. [40] In the late fifteenth century Adal Sultanate invaded Abyssinia led by Imam Mahfuz, his defeat brought about the early 16th century Jihad of the Adalese Imam Ahmed Gran against Ethiopia, where several churches were demolished.[41]. Find the most relevant statistics and facts about Ethiopia. Another 900,000 Ethiopians left Ethiopia and escaped to neighbouring Sudan. W. hen two men were shot dead by police on the night of 5 February in downtown Addis Ababa amidst confrontations triggered by the construction of a church that the authorities claimed was without proper permits, many Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia saw the incident as a continuation of a growing number of attacks against their religion over the past two years. The number for Ukraine, by the way, includes all groups claiming to be Orthodox. note: data are in current year dollars$7.715 billion (2020 est. )imports: 0 kWh (2019 est. By CARA ANNA, DAVID KEYTON and NAT CASTANEDA November 15, 2021 GMT. ), $27.27 billion (2019 est. (approximately $970 million)0.6% of GDP (2018 est.) Hospitals WHO supplied with Medical Kits in 2 Rounds in August 2021. Ethiopia has close historical ties to all three of the world's major Abrahamic religions.Christians form the majority of the population. ), improved: urban: 98.5% of populationrural: 70.2% of populationtotal: 76.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.5% of populationrural: 29.8% of populationtotal: 23.6% of population (2020 est. The Danish Refugee Council (DRC), an international non-governmental organization (NGO), has been providing relief and development services in the Horn of Africa . )27.429 (2018 est. f'm0 Hn"o_y'NG`K'_b,{?/g ]~:Pp`{_Y|?y7b#w_xqep\{'>o;|K@D.Pq;J!h~Rng^ e o|cd]1D{TP9n%-h \{-\-wmyL{Wu][|SlR>,kzM}y/p!o.\/358FjW>nwGuC#/^l#v j/nKMAE^K\USVm|emTqV(WP^\F/!@$C5f,]+I%!FkDvH|/Xo {+Sl+|n5njoA1upV5L+se MriP5=)bt&r 2F?r ,,I:k F/Jx4Q Oromo (official working language in the State of Oromiya) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of the State of Sumale) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of the State of Tigray) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of the State of Afar) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (2007 est. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> chief of state: President SAHLE-WORK Zewde (since 25 October 2018)head of government: Prime Minister ABIY Ahmed Ali (since April 2018); Deputy Prime Minister DEMEKE Mekonnen Hassen (since 29 November 2012)cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representativeselections/appointments: president indirectly elected by both chambers of Parliament for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); election held on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (the scheduled 29 August 2020 election was postponed by Prime Minister ABIY due to the COVID-19 pandemic); prime minister designated by the majority party following legislative electionselection results: 2021: SAHLE-WORK elected president during joint session of Parliament, vote - 659 (unanimous); ABIY confirmed Prime Minister by House of Peoples' Representatives (4 October 2021)2018: SAHLE-WORK elected president during joint session of Parliament, vote - 659 (unanimous); note - snap election held on 25 October 2018 due to resignation of President MULATA Teshomenote: SAHLE-WORK Zewde is the first female elected head of state in Ethiopia; she is currently the only female president in Africa. Section I. Jacob: 6. . description: bicameral Parliament consists of:House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats maximum; 144 seats current; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats maximum; 470 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)elections: House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected 31 October 2026)House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next election expected 30 June 2026)election results: House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 100, women 44, percent of women 30.6%House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Prosperity Party 454, NAMA 5, EZEMA 4, Gedeo People's Democratic organization 2, Kucha People Democratic Party 1, independent 4; composition - men 275, women 195, percent of women 41.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38.9%notes: House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation; percent of vote percentages are calculated on the number of members actually seated versus on the constitutional maximums, highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court (consists of 11 judges); note - the House of Federation has jurisdiction for all constitutional issuesjudge selection and term of office: president and vice president of Federal Supreme Court recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; other Supreme Court judges nominated by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council (a 10-member body chaired by the president of the Federal Supreme Court) and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; judges serve until retirement at age 60subordinate courts: federal high courts and federal courts of first instance; state court systems (mirror structure of federal system); sharia courts and customary and traditional courts, House of People's Representatives:Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice and Democracy or EZEMA [BERHANU Nega] Gedeo People's Democratic PartyIndependentKucha People Democratic PartyNational Movement of Amhara or NAMAProsperity Party or PPnote: Ethiopia has over fifty national-level and regional-level political parties. Before the 1974 revolution, only small numbers of the Ethiopian elite went abroad to study and then returned home, but under the brutal Derg regime thousands fled the country, primarily as refugees. 1 0 obj Religion Volume 51, 2021 - Issue 3. )investment in inventories: -0.1% (2017 est. )expenditures: $13.79 billion (2017 est. ), $2,300 (2021 est. A survey by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, "Tolerance and Tension: Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa," helps highlight a number of aspects Ethiopian culture.1 The study does not differentiate between Catholics and other Christians, but provides a useful frame for understanding Catholicism in Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 376 pharmacy students in Northwest Ethiopia between July 15 and August 27, 2022. .
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