Do Ukrainians and Polish like each other? Problem is the spoken form, as Bulgarians dont speak as it is written, which is the case with serbian or croatian. Czech has 82% intelligibility of Slovak (varies from 70-95%), 12% of Polish and 5% of Russian and Bulgarian. Polish is the most incomprehensible Slavic language for other Slavs, both spoken and written. Furthermore, there is a dialect continuum between Kajkavian and Chakavian as there is between Kajkavian and Slovenian, and lects with a dialect continuum between them are always separate languages. [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-YqET96OO0&fs=1&hl=en_GB]. Serbians often say radiu and its very similar to Croatian raditi u or radit u, but sometimes Serbians say ja u da radim or even u da radim without ja (I), because u is first singular form of the verb hteti and ja is needless, but its very rare and common for southern Serbian dialects and also very very irregular in official Serbian, but that is very similar to official Macedonian. One way to look at Macedonian is that it is a Serbo-Croatian-Bulgarian transitional lect. Chakavian has a low mutual intelligibility with either, in part due to its large number of loanwords from Venetian. Its spelling, however, is quite different from any of them. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9 This debate occurred only in Croatian linguistic circles, and the public knows nothing about it (Jembrigh 2014). Spanish is also partially mutually intelligible with Italian, Sardinian and French, with respective lexical similarities of 82%, 76% and 75%. Is Ukrainian more like . Answer (1 of 11): Look, if you're Ukrainian you most likely already speak russian. Maybe it is true for two persons from the opposite end of the dialect continium (Hrvatsko Zagorje and Strumica), that have never been out of their villages and try to communicate on their respective native dialects. Ukrainians can understand Russian much better than the other way around. . I have the hardest time to understand anything of Bulgarian, it sounds really fast and choppy but similar to Russian sometimes. Swarte will be awarded a PhD by the University of Groningen on 3 March. Slovenian speakers find it hard to understand most of the other Yugoslav lects except for Kajkavian Croatian. As far as grammars are concerned (declension and conjugation), they are so similar that there is almost no effort in understanding that this noun is, for example, in dative plural, and that verb is imperfective past. Slovak is closely related to Czech, to the point of mutual intelligibility to a very high degree, as well as Polish.Like other Slavic languages, Slovak is a fusional language with a complex system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. The main difference is in the ortography. Serbo-Croatian speakers can often learn to understand Macedonian well after some exposure. The intelligibility of Belarussian with both Ukrainian and Russian is a source of controversy. On the one hand, Belarussian has some dialects that are intelligible with some dialects of both Russian and Ukrainian. That word have special meaning and I think that Serbian needs that word, but if I tell that word seriously while I speak, everybody will laugh at me. Complicating the picture is the fact that many Ukrainians are bilingual and speak Russian also. Some Poles say they find Silesian harder to understand than Belorussian or Slovak, which implies intelligibility of 20-25%. In the Kievan Rus', Russian and Ukrainian were dialects of the same language, meaning that they were largely mutually intelligible with only minor vocabulary or grammatical differences. The Croatians left Croatia and came to Italy from 1400-1500. In the evening of the first day it reaches 93%, in a week 95%, all unsupervised, almost effortlessly, just by being there, watching, listening, talking and asking for an explanation here and there. I dismiss some of the wilder conspiracy stuff out of hand. Other factors that one has to keep in mind is recent (and not so recent, too) history and its linguistic implications on speakers for instance, Slovaks older that about 20 dont have much trouble understanding Czech because Czech was pretty intrusive if not dominant in official and intercommunal use in Czechoslovakia until its collapse. Czechs are more urbane. demonstratives (tk~ovd vs. tuka~ovde, tamo vs. tamu) and some elementary adverbs (sg vs. sega now; jutre vs. utre tomorrow; dns(ke) ~ deneska today, fera vs. vera yesterday) are fairly similar; Ni Torlak uses multiple sets of demonstratives as its 3rd person pronouns (toj/ta/to/ti/te/ta, onj/on/on/on/on/on, ovj/ov/ov/ov/ov/ov, in descending order of frequency) as opposed to Serbians almost exclusive use of on/ona/ono/oni/one/ona and standard Macedonians use of toj/taa/toa/tie It features phonemic vowel length that came about as a coalescence of a vowel with a following /v/ (usually one /v x j/ in Serbian, the distribution is opaque and unpredictable) or the contraction of the sequence /ij/ into /i:/ this feature is shared with plenty of Macedonian dialects, as far as I remember but has traditional, harder Serbian alveopalatals and palatals, having [t d t d] for Macedonian [t d c() ()] (treating these as allophones as they seem to be the same four phonemes). Most Macedonians already are able to speak Serbo-Croatian well. Its grammar is close to that of Russian. Hutsul, Lemko, Boiko speech (small Ukrainian/Rusyn dialects) stangely enough, more comprehensible than standard Ukrainian. Crazy! [2] As a consequence, spoken mutual intelligibility is not reciprocal. So here you have a case, when I could not understand everything, but I could grasp the meaning (at least). How this is measured varies, but mutual intelligibility and vocabulary overlap, and often play a role in these calculations. If we follow this line of reasoning, it would be correct to conclude that English is highly intelligible to Serbian speakers because most Serbs speak English. Albeit, Scots dialect is far more pronounced than English, and at times, can be unintelligible. Polish has 22% intelligibility of Silesian, 12% of Czech, 6% of Russian, and 5% of Bulgarian. In addition, Bin Laden is a suspect in other terrorist attacks throughout the world. I can understand anyone who speaks English, even those who speak it as foreigners might say too fast. Test only Serbs who know almost no English (they exist in older generation). Czech 20 % spoken, 40 % written Often the two languages are genetically related, and they are likely to be similar to each other in grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, or other features. Ukrainians needs to make small preparation to become able for listening comprehension of Polish. http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/sheikhmedia.htm She doesn't speak any Polish so it's going to be an interesting challenge. Czech: 10% Ponaszymu appears to lack full intelligibility with Czech. London Times, 25 September 2006 This is a great boon to travelers and language learners. What is the most mutually intelligible Slavic language? There are distinct regional variations of Arabic. Dont let the past politics fool you. I cannot understand that much of kajkavski nor akavski, but I can understand more akavski than I can kajkavski. At least not in general if so, it might depend on the school. Slovak: 20% The historical development is characterized by four main periods. Usama Bin Laden is wanted in connection with the August 7, 1998, bombings of the United States Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya. It depends which dialect. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). And o shifts to u. In Linguistics, this MI stuff is noncontroversial. In fact, I would probably have a hard time to understand a Czech speaking with such an intonation. Yes of course. And the 25% is very low. Vedle hlavn, pouvan v Bulharsku, existuje jet makedonsk norma, kter tak (?) Other then that difference is in grammar and accent. Serbo-Croatian intelligibility of Slovenian is 25-30%. However, it appears to be a separate language, as Lach is not even intelligible within itself. As a result, I, who spoke fluent Ukrainian when I moved from Ukraine 18 years ago, have problems following modern speech on TV. (Jim Morrison). Not everyone within each of the three broad dialect areas speaks Yiddish in the same way -- there are sub-dialects, but they are mutually intelligible. I guess this would not have worked for Macedonian and Slovene in the Yugoslav army. Score: 4.1/5 (68 votes) . The revelation comes from General Musharrafs memoir, In the Line of Fire, which begins serialisation in The Times today and will further embarrass the White House at a time when relations between the US and Pakistan are already strained.. Pakistani intelligence chiefs are concerned that General Musharraf may jeopardise their relationship with British intelligence agencies after claiming that a convicted terrorist was once an MI6 informer. CZECH: Bulharsk jazyk je indoevropsk jazyk ze skupiny jihoslovanskch jazyk. Belarussian has 80% intelligibility of Ukrainian and 55% of Polish. Serbo-Croatian dialects in relation to Slovene, Macedonian, and Bulgarian: The non-standard vernacular dialects of Serbo-Croatian (i.e. I would like to know if anyone could confirm that you could indeed . The grammar in both languages is similar, but, predictably, there are a few differences: While Ukrainian includes the past continuous tense, there are only three tenses in Russian (past, present and future). And yes, comprehension has suffered since Czechoslovakia broke up, due to lack of exposure. Anti-Ethnic Sentiments 4. Many Turkic languages are mutually intelligible to a higher or lower degree, but thorough empirical research is needed to establish the exact levels and patterns of mutual intelligibility between the languages of this linguistic family. However Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian are not like Czech and Slovak. Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria, there also exists a Macedonian norm, which (sao=also?) 5. https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family Mr.Lindsay, Belarussian almost completely comprehensible, except a few words. I use Ethnologues list of languages and dialects, but extend it a bit. Ukrainian and Belarusian are the closest languages, as together with Russian they form the East Slavic group of languages. It is quite true that Macedonian speakers (even today) are switching to Serbian (although there is a resistence among some speakers of Macdonian) on informal situations. The intelligibility of Czech and Slovak is much exaggerated. The syntax is though very very similar! 15), Part II", "Intelligibility of standard German and Low German to speakers of Dutch", "Cross-Border Intelligibility on the Intelligibility of Low German among Speakers of Danish and Dutch", "Mutual intelligibility of Dutch-German cognates by humans and computers", "Morpho-syntax of mutual intelligibility in the Turkic languages of Central Asia - Surrey Morphology Group", "Kirundi language, alphabet and pronunciation", "Tokelauan Language Information & Resources", "Majlis Bahasa Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia (MABBIM)", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? Why not look em up on his site. There can be various reasons for this. Not only that, but it is not even fully intelligible with the Eastern Slovak that it resembles most. Regular speech is generally quite fast. Conclusion: Bosnian and Montenegrin are also just dialects of Serbian language. Russian. Even the basic words are almost the same. I can read and understand a lot of Bulgarian in written form, its basically old slavic , many such words are simply obsolete or archaic in modern serbian, but i do get the gist of any written article. Traditionally, dialects are regional variations of one main language. Polish and Russian while Slavic sounding to my ear and is maybe 5%-15% intelligible . Young Czechs and Slovaks talk to each other a lot via the Internet. An individual's achievement of moderate proficiency or understanding in a language (called L2) other than their first language (L1) typically requires considerable time and effort through study and practical application if the two languages are not very closely related. Czechs claim only 10-15% intelligibility of Polish. Maybe I could offer you somehow help? can take anywhere. Those 12% in Polish are very dubious as well. I have no idea, what Sledva da se otbelei, e tova means. Some people in Croatia asked me if I speak Kajkavian when I spoke Slovenian with my friends. Kajkavian, especially the ZagorjeKajkaviandialect around Zagreb, is close to theStajerskadialect of Slovene. More? A primary challenge to these positions is that speakers of closely related languages can often communicate with each other effectively if they choose to do so. This is not necessarily correct in terms of vocabulary, but you will find a lot in common in the grammatical rules . There is as much Czech literature and media as Slovak literature and media in Slovakia, and many Slovaks study at Czech universities. Some reports say there is difficult intelligibility between Ekavian Chakavian in the north and Ikavian Chakavian in the far south, but speakers of Labin Ekavian in the far north say they can understand the Southeastern Istrian speech of the southern islands very well (Jembrigh 2014). Scots and English are considered mutually intelligible. Mutual intelligibility also occurs in a wide variety of degrees, ranging from none, to partial, to full mutual intelligibility. Czech and Slovak are more intelligible to me then Slovenian with Slovak more so then Czech. The dialects of Ukrainian do not differ extensively from one another and are all mutually intelligible. I am a native Spanish speaker but my girlfriend is Macedonian. Czech and Polish are incomprehensible to Serbo-Croatian speakers (Czech 10%, Polish 5%), but Serbo-Croatian has some limited comprehension of Slovak, on the order of 25%. Ni Torlak vowel reflexes are otherwise in line with standard Serbian and Northwestern Macedonian, deriving nuclear /u e i e u r/ from / y * *l *r/; some Torlak dialects towards Kosovo or Bulgaria instead have [l ~ l] for /l/ (giving [v()l(:)k] where Serbian normally has [v:k]) but none in my vicinity. German is partially mutually intelligible with Yiddish and Dutch. Are Russian and Polish mutually intelligible? This is a political point, of course. You are probably talking about the study Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages? I am afraid you are not right because if you take Serbian dialects till Nis, then they are very mutually intelligible with Macedonian! You would be amazed at how good peoples estimates of this sort of thing are though. Bulgarian and Macedonian can understand each other to a great degree (65-80%) but not completely. Nared s osnovnata, izpolzovana v Balgarija, saestvuvat oe makedonska norma, kojato sao izpolzva kirilica, i banatska norma, kojata izpolzva latinica. . In terms It consists of at least four major dialects, Ekavian Chakavian, spoken on the Istrian Peninsula, Ikavian Chakavian, spoken in southwestern Istria, the islands of Bra, Hvar, Vis, Korula, and olta, the Peljeac Peninsula, the Dalmatian coast at Zadar, the outskirts of Split and inland at Gacka, Middle Chakavian, which is Ikavian-Ekavian transitional, and Ijekavian Chakavian, spoken at the far southern end of the Chakavian language area on Lastovo Island, Janjina on the Peljeac Peninsula, and Bigova in the far south near the border with Montenegro. In the case of Croatian and Slovene, the intelligibility is asymmetric, since Slovene participants could understand Croatian better than vice versa. Belarusian is closer to Polish and Ukrainian than Russian. Sign languages are independent of spoken languages and follow their own paths of development. As an addendum, Id like to make it known that my own grandmother, who hails from a village some twenty kilometers southwest of Ni, got lost in Belgrade once but has no problem getting around Skopje. Foreign languages arent always as foreign as youd expect. My gues. Polish uses Latin letters, just like English. After all, you can look at the study that I listed above and check the results of the written translation task (translation of 50 individual words), which illustrates the similarity of lexicons: Czechs best understand Slovak words (96,52%), then Polish (64,29%), then Bulgarian (57,00%), Croatian (55,38%) and Slovene (49,73%). In fact, I cannot often identify any words at all. BR, If speakers of one language have more exposure to its related language, theyre likely to pick up more of that language. "A New Methodology for Romance Classification". These recommendations are based on research into the mutual intelligibility of Germanic languages, conducted by Femke Swarte. Is there any way you could give me percentage figures for these observations of your wifes? This is not the case, as all figures were derived from estimates by native speakers themselves, often a number of estimates averaged together. 40% of Silesian vocabulary is different from Polish, mostly Germanisms. Kajkavian is probably closer to Slovenian than it is to Chakavian. A Moravian Czech speaker (Eastern Czech) and a Bratislavan Slovak (Western Slovak) speaker understand each other very well. Because they use different alphabets, German and Yiddish are only mutually intelligible when spoken. Russian has a decent intelligibility with Bulgarian, possibly on the order of 50%, but Bulgarian intelligibility of Russian seems lower. What is the basis on which your Serbian friend said that? According to former Pakistani President Musharraf Omar Sheikh who wired $100,000 to Mohammed Atta was recruited during the 90s by British intelligence. Some comments on Ukrainian: A different dialect is spoken in each town. Sorry for my English, Im still learning itespecially right word order. Or they will say, Well, that is about 70% our language. If it is a dialect, they will say, That is really still our language. Its often said that all Slavic languages are mutually intelligible with each other. Also sorry for my English. Im gonna estimate 40% for Bulgarian, cant really say what the difference between written and spoken Bulgarian would be for me. Once you pick up those basic 50 words, understanding Macedonian becomes super easy that was my experience with Macedonian friends (the few of them who dont speak Serbian). Russian has high intelligibility of Belarussian, on the order of 75%. Zona Zamfirova is the movie in a Serbian dialect, but I dont understand it as same as I dont understand Macedonian or even more so, that is more like Bulgarian with the hard vowels. Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . Because so many Slavic languages are national languages, they tend to have pretty big populations. Intelligibility in the Slavic languages of the Balkans is much exaggerated. How much of Ukrainian can these Russians in Canada understand? Sorry for so much criticism it is just my Czech/Moravian opinion on the subject. Most people in the region speak Russian with a few Ukrainian words. So, i've been interested about how much Polish speakers can understand Ukrainian without learning the language, but, most results i found said it's not really mutually intelligible, despite sharing alot or some words. Much of the language has changed lots of Turkish loans have been dropped, plenty of standard Serbian terminology has made its way in but Ive had less of a communication issue in Kumanovo (north-eastern Macedonia) than Belgrade (capital of Serbia) back when I was but a young lad. Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in writing. My email is on the Contact page. The diffete. There is much nonsense floating around about Serbo-Croatian or Shtokavian. akavski has considerably more italian influence, due to many of the people there speaking italian (vicinity to italy) and the presence of istriot language and the former presence of dalmatian language. do is the same verb (prim/pri/pri/primo/prite/pre vs. pravam/pravi/pravi/pravime/pravite/pravaat; as opposed to Serbian raditi) http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia. Macedonian: 50-60 % The British Academy funded research project dedicated to examining mutual intelligibility between Karakalpak, Kazakh and Uzbek languages is currently under way at the, This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 16:40. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. As a native of Ni, I can say that the Serbo-CroatianMacedonian figures might be roughly on-point. I am a native Macedonian and I totally dont agree with you. Generally, when foreigners say speakers of a certain language speak too fast, speakers of that language can hear that fast speech just fine. "Proto-Slavonic,". Less than 90% mutual intelligibility = separate languages. non-Shtokavian dialects: Kajkavian, Chakavian and Torlakian) diverge more significantly from all four normative varieties. This stuff is not all that controversial. (j/k) Also cyrillic in Macedonian is almost as same as Serbian, but many Croats dont know or dont want to know cyrillic, and that makes Macedonian more different to them than to Serbs. It may seem that Polish and Russian are mutually intelligible because they both come from the same language family and share a lot of similarities. FluentU brings a language to life with real-world videos. Toj e oficialnijat ezik na Republika Balgarija i edin iz 23-te oficialni ezika na Evropejskija sajuz. Then she talks about the cards in the bags, I again understand everything, but at 0:47, another stream of unintelligible sounds is starting. For example, those who learn Ukrainian will eventually know 70% of Polish lexicon and a . Both me and her had a much easier time following the Rusyn dialects than standard Ukrainian (although they were by no means completely comprehensible). However, many of these dialects are at least partially mutually intelligible. #5. Everything else we chalk up to bilingual learning as we call it and we do not think it is accurate. In essence, such kinds of bilingualism also improve understanding of other, unrelated Slavic languages, since two Slavic languages fill in the comprehension gaps. There are some words that we don't understand, but in general, these languages are much closer to each other than the pairs Russian-Ukrainian and Russian-Belarusian. They have more in common than you might think! Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). Click here to get a copy. 5 (2): 135146. Could you please explain what you mean by language and intelligibility and hopefully remedy this failure of the original text? I am a native Czech speaker, I understand Slovak (a lot of exposure, many visits, many colleagues) and Russian (studied at school, many visits) in all three languages I am close 100% understanding of news, yet for Polish, Ukrainian and Croat I would rate my understanding at 15-20%, with no significant improvement just from being in the country (I have spent in total about 20 weeks in Croatia, 4 in Ukraine, 3 in Poland). The President outlines the role played by a former London public schoolboy, Omar Sheikh, in the kidnap and murder of Daniel Pearl, the Wall Street Journal reporter, in February 2002. This list focuses on common languages widely thought to be at least partially and mutually intelligible. While not usually considered mutually intelligible, theres also enough similarity between French and Italian that speakers of Portuguese may understand both of these languages. Nevertheless Ukrainian intelligibility of Russian is hard to calculate because presently there are few Ukrainians in Ukraine who do not speak Russian. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Ekavian Chakavian has two branches Buzet and Northern Chakavian. The claim for separate languages is based more on politics than on linguistic science. It is estimated that there is 89% lexical similarity with French, 87% similarity with Catalan (spoken in Southern Spain), 85% with Sardinian, 82% with Spanish, 78% with Ladin (spoken in Northern Italy) and 77% with Romanian. Slovak somewhat more than Polish, but still very little. I would say that Macedonian is about 25% intelligible to a Serbian speaker that was never exposed to Macedonian. Czech and Slovak are simply dialects of this one tongue. These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. 2. It's also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. Written intelligibility is higher at 25%. Robert Lindsay, Independent Journalist: l Talk about Things You're Not Supposed to Talk About. For majority of the Shtokavian speakers thats just another language: different grammar, vocabulary, pronunciations, even sounds (Kai has at least 9 vowels while Shto Croatian only 5 for example). It was a long time ago though, so Ill try to convince her (and maybe a couple more Russians) to try this again tonight. Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in writing. So you are a speaker of Southern Chakavian, right? But thats politics for you. Part of the problem between Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is that so many of the basic words be, do, this, that, where are different, however, much of the rest of the vocabulary is the same. The standard view among linguists seems to be that Lach is a part of Czech. Yet, it is closer to Russian that standard Ukrainian. The reason Macedonian appears not very intelligible to a Serbian speaker is because many basic words (be, do, this, that, where, etc) are completely different, however most of the rest of the vocabulary is similar or the same. Shtokavian is simply the same Serbo-Croatian language that is also spoken in Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia. Please listen and watch the movie Zona Zamfirova. However, Balachka is dying out and is now spoken only by a few old people. Im a speaker of Torlakian Serbian characteristically closer to Macedonian than Standard Serbian, having three (nom/acc/voc) cases and using a fusional instead of an analytic past tense and, with regards to a certain comment made two years ago on here, can, without issue, understand Zona Zamfirova, a movie about life in Ottoman Ni, without any subtitles. But the end of the sentence clarified these words. Yes because governments dont conspire do they except for the Gulf of Tonkin, Iraq war, drug trafficking, coups, supporting the same Islamic terrorism which is even mentioned in main stream press during the 90s with links to the 9/11 hijackers which we are now supposably fighting a phoney war on terror against. Russian has low intelligibility with Czech and Slovak, maybe 30%. My mother is a native Croatian speaker and she told me that serbian and croatian have very good intelligibility but however the grammar is very different.Comparing those two languages would be like comparing czech and slovakian. So if you believe the fantastic conspiracy theory that 19 hijackers some have been discovered to be still alive were able to hijack 4 commercial planes for hours uninterrupted armed only with boxcutters and crash them into US largest and with the Pentagon most well guarded which has its own missile defence and radar system buildings on US? 99% of people in Ukraine are bilinguals who essentially speak and learn both Russian and Ukrainian from birth (although depending on the region, ones prevailence over the other varies). Required fields are marked *. Although most words are in fact different, they are largely similar, being cognates, which makes both languages mutually intelligible to a significant extent; . Regarding Russian/Ukrainian mutual intelligebility: most people who lived in Ukraine during the Soviet era and return there today say that modern Ukrainian differs greatly from the one spoken during Soviet times. Intelligibility between the two is estimated at 82%. Here are three critical ways in which Bulgarian and Russian speakers differ. I will tell you also this: The grammars of sign languages do not usually resemble those of spoken languages used in the same geographical area; in fact, in terms of syntax, ASL shares more with spoken Japanese than it does with English. Russian is actually a little further, but most Belarusian speakers are bilingual (Bel-Rus) and most Ukrainian .
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