3. ", "Summary of spin technology as related to light general-aviation airplanes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T-tail&oldid=1142624641, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 13:31. Used Aircraft Guide: Piper Arrow - Aviation Consumer Finally, at a lower level but still a difference, using a T-tail increases the wake (compared to a conventional configuration, where the tail is almost in the wake of the main wings and the fuselage) behind your aircraft and thus the drag you need to overcome is larger. The most noticeable difference is that V tail aircraft are much more sensitive to being loaded tail-heavy. The simple answer is that they can be more efficient than a conventional tail. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "T-time? Is the compressive load from the stabilator that much more than the bending load of the rudder. Though on most aircraft the horizontal stabilizer does indeed produce negative lift, for positive stability it is only required that the rear surface flies at lower angle of attack than the forward surface. The uninitiated pilot can overcontrol a bit at this point, but one soon gets used to it. So unless you have some sources for that argument, I would not buy into it. 5. Yeah, V-tails look cool, and in some modeling instances are easier to run control lines for. Advantages Of A T-tail Vs. A Conventional Tail - Airliners.net Reduces stick lightening: The greater height of T-tail can help reduce stick lightning caused by the conventional tail after entering the wake while maneuvering. A T-tail is a form of empennage where the horizontal stabilizer is mounted to the top of the fin. Does a tandem ultralight need flaps on the rear wing if the front wing has flaps? T-tails are also sometimes chosen to provide additional separation from non-sky (as in sea planes). It is the conventional configuration for aircraft with the engines under the wings. in large a/c deep stalls can get quite stable because of fuselage lift and (especially in case of airliners) sweptback wings that move center of pressure forward when stalling. The conventional cross tail is the easiest to design, modify during the development process and adjust during set up of a new model. 3. MCDONNELL DOUGLAS MD-82) because it removes the tail from the exhaust blast. Are there specific advantages to a T-Tail vs. a conventional tail? This article is for you. The Verdict: These machines are most useful for applications where space is confined . There's a lot to this, and I'm no aircraft engineer, so if there are any other answers, I'll happily delete this. All of the Boeings except the 717 have conventional tails. 1. Boldmethod 4) Control Forces Designers were worried that an engine failure would otherwise damage the horizontal tail. Helicopters & rotorcraft, airships, balloons, paragliders, winged suits and anything that sustains you in the air is acceptable to post here. 4. Functionally the horizontal stabilizer/stabilator are the same in both cases, providing negative lift, the elevator control and a method for pitch trim. The considerations in the roe's answer are entirely correct but there might be other factors to take into account. BERIEV A-40 Albatross) often have T-tails in order to keep the horizontal surfaces as far from the water as possible. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Twin tail (also referred to as H-tail) or V-tail are other configuration of interest although much less common. Manufacturing cost because the vertical stabilizer needs to be built that much stronger to handle additional mass and aerodynamic forces that are now on the end of a long, slender lever. T-tails pros / cons | Pilots of America To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. This is the small wing-like protrusions from the main tail, or rear of the fuselage. I would say that the use of V tails has almost nothing to do with performance. It depends on the airplane. Tail Design and Sizing - Stanford University It got them more weight and less authority in the TO roll and flare. Nahhthe 90 and 100 were pretty good lookin' birds. List price for the PT is a little cheaper than conventional, but you have to buy a plug tail separately. Loss of Control). Quiz: Can You Answer These 5 Aircraft Systems Questions? The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Conventional vs. T Tail, pros, cons? | Pilots of America Started, Advertising &
Effective rotation: It is effective for aircraft flying at low speeds because having a responsive pitch control enables the aircraft to effectively rotate on landing. (a) V-tail Configuration; (b) Tail-1: Conventional tail with tail equal Swayne is an editor at Boldmethod, certified flight instructor, and a First Officer on the Boeing 757/767 for a Major US Carrier. The disturbed airflow over a lower stabilizer can make control more difficult at lower speeds. Do You Know These 5 Unique Characteristics Of T-Tail Airplanes? The conclusion of this study cannot be drawn without a specific example but I hope it is clear for you that stability is really impacted by the choice of the tail. uhmmm very interesting but now I can't understand why commercial airliner strictly prefer conventional tail instead of T-Tail. Not only for the aerodynamic loads, but for the elevator and elevator trim mechanisms. The T-tail stays out of ground effect for longer than the main wing. Quiz: Can You Identify These 7 Cloud Formations? Aviation Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for aircraft pilots, mechanics, and enthusiasts. Rear mounted engines would also be much closer to the centerline of the aircraft, reducing the controllability issues in an engine out scenario. Used Aircraft Guide: Piper Arrow - AVweb C172 Tail Dragger - Backcountry Pilot 5. It only takes a minute to sign up. A stick-pusher can be fitted to deal with this problem. Copyright SKYbrary Aviation Safety, 2021-2023. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Source: I study aeronautical engineering and we had to do an exercise involving finding the correct posistion for the HTP to minimize downdraft. I can't really say I know the aerodynamics of it though, so I might be very mistaken. Log-In
Are there other reasons for having a T-tail? Sounds good, but if you examine engine FOD statistics, the MD80 actually has a higher rate of engine FOD events than the 73Classic/NG. If you wish to contribute or participate in the discussions about articles you are invited to join SKYbrary as a registered user. 7. This edition of theFlite Test Aerodynamics Simplified series is all about that weird arrangement of tail feathers you see on some unusual looking airplanes. Reduced and zero tailswing models have become popular due to their easy maneuverability in urban and residential areas where space is limited. [3], The design and structure of a T-tail can be simpler. Airport overviews from the air or ground, Tails and Winglets V-Tail versus Conventional Tail 16 Jun 2010, 15:59 I am a former owner of a high-performance single (Cessna TR182) with about 3000 hours, 2800 hours (mostly IFR) in type. The disadvantages ot the T-tail concept are the mentioned deep stalls, maybe a elevator stall during flare, unfavourable C.G. T-tails must be stronger, and therefore heavier than conventional tails. I am not so sure about your argument for added drag @yankeekilo But you do agree that the wake is wider? Every type from fighters to helicopters from air forces around the globe, Classic Airliners As far as I am aware the T-tails I have flown have T-tails for avoiding propwash (PA-44) or aft engine placement (EMB-145). Assuming that you have the same amount of lift generated by the both configurations (this is relevant due to the "vertical" force equilibrium), a quick sketch will convince you that both the angle and the lever arm are different. The use of high-flow versus conventional oxygen therapy in addition to The T-tail raises the tailplane out of the fuselage drag-hole which can reduce your tailplane effective aspect ratio by 20% or more. The loss of Alaska Airlines Flight 261 was attributed to improper maintenance of the T-tail. To give the perfect example let's have a look at the EC145 C2 and compare it to the H145 / EC145D2. It can help to increase the effectiveness of the vertical tail by keeping the air on both sides of it separated. The horizontal force generated is "wasted" in essence as it does not contribute to the desired pitch outcome. Surjeet Yadav One advantage to a T-tail is that the engines can be put on the tail, making them less suceptible to FOD ingestion, except for ice from the wings. So I make it a point to "fly" the nose more deliberately with t-tail airplanes. High mounted horizontal stabilizers remain out of the turbulence of the wings and jetwash at much greater angles of attack. The Pilot Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge has a whole section talking about T-tails. Why are the Antonov An-124 horizontal stabilisers directly behind the wings? As a consequence, the tail can be built lower. Pretty much mirrors my experience with T-Tailed Pipers. some extra effort in hinging and hooking up. Figure 2.13: Aircrafts empennage types. Pictures of great freighter aircraft, Government Aircraft { "2.2.01:_Fuselage" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
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