nervous tissue histology ppt

Myelin is a fatty substance that makes the axon appear white. Once urine is formed from the ultrafiltrate, it travels through the excretory pathway of tubes, all of which are lined by transitional epithelium with the exception of some parts of the urethra. A group of neuronal cell bodies is called a nucleus in the brain or spinal cord, and a ganglion in the PNS. This Power point presentation will allow students to practice the skill of identifying tissue types from 25 histology slides. Based on the number of processes, neurons are classified into multipolar, bipolar and unipolar. A unity of tissues with a more complex set of functions, defined by the combination of structure and function of the comprising tissues. This nerve was additionally stained with osmium and the membranes of myelin are visible as dark rings. With the exception of the unipolar sensory ganglion cells, and the two specific bipolar cells mentioned above, all other neurons are multipolar. Any size contribution is welcomed and will help us to provide these popular review tools to students at the University of Michigan and to many more worldwide. And research may find much more about them in the future. Confusingly, structures within white and grey matter are referred to by different terms, depending on whether they are located in the CNS or the PNS. Glucosethe primary energy sourceis allowed, as are amino acids. Identify all four general tissue types Answer: epithelial, connective, muscular & nervous Which of the four basic types is described below: Contains free edge Lines hollow organs Anchored by basement membrane Answer:Epithelial tissue Which of the four basic types is described below: Lack blood vessels, Readily divide Cells are tightly packed In the above image, we can observe only the relatively large, triangular-shaped cell bodies of the pyramidal cells with clearly visible nuclei, parts of the dendrites, and the beginnings of axons. Why are perikarya of dorsal horn neurons smaller than those in the ventral horn? The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). When macrophages encounter diseased or damaged cells in the rest of the body, they ingest and digest those cells or the pathogens that cause disease. Together this gives us the various types of epithelial tissues, such as simple squamous epithelium, stratified cuboidal epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium and many more. When responding to a foreign threat, immune system cells can activate non-specific inflammation or progress to a specific immune response. Wheaters functional histology: A text and colour atlas. They are large, easily distinguishable, and have an extensive dendritic tree that is not visible in typical histology. It contains connective tissue, mostly composed of adipocytes. It houses information about each and every structure and process of the cell and organism, in the form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Muscle attaches to bone via tendons; bundles of dense regular connective tissue made out of many collagen type I fibers. Nonetheless, it is loosely stratified into layers containing scattered nuclei of both neurons and glial cells. This method is based on the ability of single stranded DNA or RNA to merge with a complementary strand and build a hybrid which is then detected due to the label. For example, nerves can be classified based on their function. Under light microscopy, skeletal and cardiac muscles appear striated due to the parallel arrangement of their contractile filaments into repeating units called sarcomeres. Specialized connective tissue includes the blood, reticular, cartilage, bone and adipose tissue. Tissues join together in different arrangements to form our body organs. Ross, H. M, Pawlina, W. (2011). All of this is surrounded by three connective tissue membranes (meninges): dura, arachnoid and the pia mater. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver. Many axons are wrapped by an insulating substance called myelin, which is actually made from glial cells. Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 2 million users. 48 Spinal CordWhite Matter (Spinal Cord)View Virtual EM Slide In this field you see several oligodendrocytes, the cells that make myelin in the CNS, surrounded by numerous myelinated axons of various size, cut in cross section. After preparation, the tissue is stained. Epithelium is classified by both its cellular morphology and the number of cell layers. Register now Ongoing research pursues an expanded role that glial cells might play in signaling, but neurons are still considered the basis of this function. 49 Motor nerve cell - Ventral Horn of Rabbit Spinal Cord, MultipolarMotor Neuron Cell BodyView Virtual EM Slide Motor Neuron Cell Body. The latter constitutes the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES). Peripheral nerves are analogous with neural tracts of the CNS. All of these components work together to provide movement to the body. Neuroglia. It is named after the anatomist who discovered it (Jan Evangilista Purkinje, 17871869). The ventral spinal cord. Available at theiTunes Storeand for Android users at theGoogle Play Store. Click on human from the drop down list 5. As such, nerves do not contain neural cell bodies. The ECM contains different protein fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic) embedded in ground substance. Nervous tissue is made of cells (neurons and glial cells) and extracellular matrix. One oligodendrocyte will provide the myelin for multiple axon segments, either for the same axon or for separate axons. Mucoid connective tissue is a fetal tissue present in the umbilical cord. The epidermis (epithelium) and dermis (connective tissue) compose the skin. Basic nervous tissue staining mechanisms and classification of nervous tissue elements will be discussed. A key difference between myelin and the insulation on a wire is that there are gaps in the myelin covering of an axon. However, if you take a much closer look, youll see that the histology of bones, is a whole other story. Review the organization of gray and white matter in cerebral cortex vs. spinal cord. Together these organs provide the ability of reproduction and sexual intercourse. Grey matter is composed mainly of unmyelinated cell bodies and dendrites, and appears grey in color. How about the fact that some cardiomyocytes have the ability to secrete hormones that regulate blood pressure? Fetal tissues are classified into two types: mesenchyme and mucoid (mucous) connective tissue. Histologically, although there are a few exceptions, endocrine cells generally have an epithelial origin. The integumentary system consists of the skin and skin appendages. Depending on the number of layers, epithelial tissue is classified into simple (single layered) or stratified (multi-layered). One of the two types of glial cells found in the PNS is the satellite cell. They have rectangular bodies and many dendrite like projections stemming from their shorter sides. Figure 1 shows the relationship of these parts to one another. Remember, a nerve is a bundle of axons, running in parallel, in the PNS. At a histological level, both the heart and blood vessels consist of three layers: The myocardium is formed by striated cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). Optic microscopy, also known as light microscopy, uses light from the visible spectrum and combines it with multiple lenses to create a magnified image. The ECM of nervous tissue is rich in ground substance, with little to no protein fibers. This is the final course in the series that will explore special stains used in the clinical histology laboratory. The nasal cavity contains specialized olfactory epithelium, providing the sense of smell. Afferent nerves carry information from sensory organs to the brain, while efferent nerves carry motor impulses from the brain to the muscles.Taking location into account, the nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Within the medulla, most axons will cross over to the opposite hemisphere of the brain from which they originated a process called decussation and then continue within the white matter of the spinal cord, before synapsing with interneurons and lower motor neurons, in the grey matter of the spinal cord. Neurons of the cerebral cortex are of varying shapes and sizes, but the most obvious arepyramidal cells. The entirety of the lungs is externally lined by pleura, a thin epithelial layer made of squamous cells with a thin underlying layer of connective tissue.Learn more about the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. The branch of medical science that deals with the. All cells contain cytoplasm, are surrounded by a membrane, and contain a variety of structures and organelles. Calcific bodies are present in the choroid plexus, another common site of accumulation as the years pass. Ana 211 (Histology of Nervous tissue).pptx sunday godwin obaje Read Now Download Free PDF Related Papers Cancer Registry Report 2000 2002 Robina Greaves Download Free PDF View PDF Identification of OTX2 as a Medulloblastoma Oncogene Whose Product can be Targeted by All-Trans Retinoic Acid Timothy Parrett Download Free PDF View PDF Because of this, only specific types of molecules can enter the CNS. How is this different in the spinal cord? Nails are plates of proliferating keratinized cells that, similar to hair, contain hard keratin. . I love Histology! But most everything else cannot, including white blood cells, which are one of the bodys main lines of defense. Each gap is called a node of Ranvier and is important to the way that electrical signals travel down the axon. The spinal cord contains a butterfly-shaped area of grey matter surrounded by an outer layer of white matter. A longitudinal section of a nerve looks very different than a transverse section: In a longitudinal section of a nerve (Figure 9), the axons stain darker and are visible as purple lines. These include epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils, erythrocytes, keratinocytes, chondrocytes just to name a few. Blotting technique is a method of localizing and quantifying proteins, DNA and RNA. The nervous system is responsible for the control of the body and the communication among its parts. Correct answer 1. They are stabilized by ligaments, flexible fibrous bands made of dense regular connective tissue. At a microscopic level, a nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a series of tubules. Glial cells, or neuroglia or simply glia, are the other type of cell found in nervous tissue. All spaces are occupied either by the processes of neurons or glia or by capillaries (these capillaries are somewhat swollen here because the tissue was fixed by perfusion). Many types of glial cells require special histological stains and cant be unambiguously identified in regular H&E-stained histological slides. It is composed of densely packed epithelial cells with only a little extracellular matrix (ECM). What is the difference between a ganglion and a nucleus? Aside from finding efficacious substances, the means of delivery is also crucial. Neurons in the dorsal horn are essentially interneurons that project to other regions of the CNS (e.g., motor neurons in the spinal cord or sensory input to the brain), so they have much smaller overall volume and therefore much less metabolic demand compared to motor neurons which project to target muscles that may be more than a meter away. Organs work together in systems. 3. Many neurons in the spinal cord may appear shrunken and surrounded by an empty space due to poor fixation. They are responsible for the electrical signals that communicate information about sensations, and that produce movements in response to those stimuli, along with inducing thought processes within the brain. Because of the privileged blood supply inherent in the BBB, the extracellular space in nervous tissue does not easily exchange components with the blood. adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system). Neuroglia (glial cells) (supporting cells) between a tract and a nerve? With one exception, neurons such as this (though not necessarily this large) are found in ALL areas of the nervous system. Which of the following cell types contributes to maintenance of the blood-brain barrier? If the myelin sheath were drawn to scale, the neuron would have to be immensepossibly covering an entire wall of the room in which you are sitting. Health Information Technology & Services. In situ hybridisation is a method of localizing and quantifying DNA or RNA sequences. Muscle cells have a specialized type of smooth endoplasmic reticulum called sarcoplasmic reticulum, which stores calcium ions. Title: PowerPoint Presentation Author: Jennifer Ann Jost Last modified by: Jeff Keyte Created Date: 10/29/2003 10:25:53 PM Document presentation . Epithelial tissue can cover external surfaces (skin), line the inside of hollow organs (intestines) or form glands. In terms of clinical significance, the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus are particularly vulnerable to damage in severe circulatory failure and by anoxia of persistent severe seizures. Name thefunction of the cell marked by the black arrow. The cell body contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles. True unipolar cells are only found in invertebrate animals, so the unipolar cells in humans are more appropriately called pseudo-unipolar cells. . The function of myelin will be discussed below. Anaxonic neurons are very small, and if you look through a microscope at the standard resolution used in histology (approximately 400X to 1000X total magnification), you will not be able to distinguish any process specifically as an axon or a dendrite. Using slide 77, determine that the cerebellar cortex is organized into an outer molecular layer slide 077 View Image containing basket and stellate cells (not distinguishable by routine light microscopy) as well as axons of granule cells found in the deeper, highly cellular granule layer slide 077 View Image. These vibrate to produce sound as air passes through them. You should also identify the dorsal and ventral horns in slide 65-1N stained with Masson trichrome. The musculoskeletal system consists of hard tissues (bones, joints, cartilage) and soft tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments). Later in this sequence, you will learn how the hippocampus and dentate gyrus function in what is known as the "limbic system" to integrate inputs from many parts of the nervous system into complicated behaviors such as learning, memory, and social interaction. 4. Those processes extend to interact with neurons, blood vessels, or the connective tissue covering the CNS that is called the pia mater (Figure 4). Astrocytes - Technically, the junctions between endothelial cells constitute the actual "barrier." Tissue preparation, tissue staining, microscopy, hybridisation. Slide NP004N hippocampal region, coronal section, luxol blue View Virtual SlideSlide 13270astrocytes,Gold-stainingView Virtual Slide. The Neuron Special property of irritability & conductivity Nerve cells are capable of receiving the . In these slides, dorsal happens to be "up," but you should be able to tell dorsal and ventral horns based on morphology and the cells present rather than the orientation. It is the axon that propagates the nerve impulse, which is communicated to one or more cells. The endocrine system is a set of tissues that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

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